MXene is a class of two-dimensional inorganic compounds in materials science. These materials consist of Transition Metal carbides, nitrides, or carbon nitrides several atomic layers thick. It first appeared in 2011 because MXene materials have the metal conductivity of transition metal carbides due to the hydroxyl group or terminal oxygen on their surface. It is widely used in supercapacitors, batteries, electromagnetic interference shielding and composite materials. For example, unlike conventional batteries, the material provides more channels for the movement of ions, greatly increasing the speed of ion movement.
Scientists have developed MXene materials that synthesize substrates from the corresponding MAX phase, usually by selectively etching the main group A element, where M represents the transition metal, X represents carbon or nitrogen, and the main group A element can include aluminum, gallium, silicon, and other elements. Researchers typically perform etching in an aqueous hydrogen fluoride (HF) solution to make MXene have a mixture of fluoride, oxygen, and hydroxide functional groups.
Unlike the surfaces of other two-dimensional materials, such as graphene and transitional carbon dihalides, functional groups can also be chemically modified. Previous studies have shown that selective termination of MXene with different surface groups can lead to excellent properties, including tunable work functions and two-dimensional ferromagnetism. The covalent functionalization of substrates will lead to the discovery of new directions for rational design of two-dimensional functional materials.
Surface functional groups in Two-Dimensional Transition Metal carbides can undergo a variety of chemical transformations to facilitate the use of a wide range of MXene materials. A research team of chemistry, physics, and nanomaterials scientists from the University of Chicago and Argonne National Laboratory has designed and developed a novel pathway for MXene synthesis. They install and remove surface groups through substitution and elimination reactions in molten inorganic salts. The team successfully synthesized MXene with surface ends of oxygen, imide, sulfur, chlorine, selenium, bromine and tellurium with unique structural and electronic properties, and these surface groups can also control the interatomic distance in the MXene lattice to show superconductivity dependent on the surface groups.
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